:root {
  --canvas: #f4f1e8;
  --paper: #fffdf8;
  --ink: #102d3b;
  --slate: #536873;
  --blue: #0b6575;
  --blue-light: #2b9aa5;
  --orange: #c45b3c;
  --teal: #28766f;
  --dune: #b99b6b;
  --border: rgba(16,45,59,.18);
  --display: "Iowan Old Style", "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, Georgia, serif;
  --ui: "Avenir Next", Avenir, "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
  --shell: min(1240px, calc(100vw - 48px));
}

* { box-sizing: border-box; }

html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
  color-scheme: light;
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--canvas);
  font-family: var(--ui);
  font-size: 17px;
  line-height: 1.65;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
}

a { color: var(--blue); text-underline-offset: 0.2em; }
a:hover { color: var(--orange); }
a:focus-visible, button:focus-visible { outline: 3px solid var(--orange); outline-offset: 4px; }

.skip-link {
  position: fixed;
  z-index: 100;
  top: 12px;
  left: 12px;
  padding: 10px 14px;
  background: var(--ink);
  color: white;
  transform: translateY(-160%);
}

.skip-link:focus { transform: translateY(0); }
.shell { width: var(--shell); margin-inline: auto; }

.site-header {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--canvas) 94%, transparent);
}

.header-inner {
  width: var(--shell);
  min-height: 76px;
  margin-inline: auto;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: auto 1fr auto;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 36px;
}

.brand {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 11px;
  color: var(--ink);
  text-decoration: none;
  font-weight: 680;
  font-size: 21px;
  letter-spacing: -0.04em;
}

.brand > span > span { color: var(--blue); }
.brand img { display: block; border-radius: 9px; }

.primary-nav {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: clamp(18px, 3vw, 42px);
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.primary-nav a {
  color: var(--slate);
  text-decoration: none;
  padding-block: 25px 23px;
  border-bottom: 2px solid transparent;
}

.primary-nav a:hover,
.primary-nav a[aria-current="page"] { color: var(--ink); border-bottom-color: var(--orange); }

.search-button {
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  width: 42px;
  height: 42px;
  padding: 0;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 50%;
  color: var(--ink);
  background: transparent;
}

.search-button svg { width: 20px; fill: none; stroke: currentColor; stroke-width: 1.8; }

.article-head { padding-top: 34px; }

.breadcrumbs {
  display: flex;
  gap: 10px;
  align-items: center;
  color: var(--slate);
  font-size: 13px;
}

.breadcrumbs a { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; }

.article-title-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 175px;
  gap: 60px;
  align-items: end;
  padding: 58px 0 50px;
}

.content-type,
.section-label,
.plate-kicker {
  margin: 0 0 14px;
  color: var(--blue);
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 700;
}
.short-answer h2.section-label { font-family: var(--ui); letter-spacing: 0; line-height: 1.4; }

h1, h2, p { overflow-wrap: break-word; }

h1 {
  max-width: 950px;
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: clamp(48px, 7vw, 94px);
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 0.98;
  letter-spacing: -0.055em;
}

.standfirst {
  max-width: 760px;
  margin: 30px 0 0;
  color: var(--slate);
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: clamp(20px, 2.2vw, 29px);
  line-height: 1.38;
}

.article-index {
  padding-left: 24px;
  border-left: 1px solid var(--border);
}

.article-index > span {
  display: block;
  color: var(--orange);
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: 72px;
  line-height: 0.8;
}

.article-index p { margin: 20px 0 0; color: var(--slate); font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5; }

.trust-strip {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(150px, 1fr)) 1.5fr;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
}

.trust-strip > * { margin: 0; padding: 18px 20px; border-left: 1px solid var(--border); }
.trust-strip > :first-child { border-left: 0; padding-left: 0; }
.trust-strip span { display: block; color: var(--slate); font-size: 11px; margin-bottom: 2px; }
.trust-strip strong { font-size: 13px; font-weight: 650; }
.trust-strip .prototype-note { color: var(--slate); font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.45; }

.explanation-plate {
  margin-top: 48px;
  background: #0b2937;
  color: white;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.plate-inner {
  min-height: 660px;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(280px, .7fr) minmax(520px, 1.3fr);
  align-items: center;
  gap: 30px;
}

.plate-copy { position: relative; z-index: 1; padding: 70px 0; }
.plate-kicker { color: #78d0d2; }
.plate-copy h2 {
  max-width: 520px;
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: clamp(38px, 5vw, 68px);
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.03;
  letter-spacing: -0.045em;
}
.plate-copy p:not(.plate-kicker) { max-width: 480px; margin: 28px 0; color: #c8d5d9; }
.plate-copy a { color: white; font-weight: 650; text-decoration-color: var(--orange); text-decoration-thickness: 2px; }

.wind-diagram { margin: 0; padding: 35px 0 18px; }
.wind-diagram svg { display: block; width: 100%; height: auto; }
.wind-diagram figcaption { color: #a7b7bd; font-size: 11px; text-align: right; }

.reading-layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 180px minmax(0, 720px) minmax(190px, 1fr);
  gap: clamp(30px, 5vw, 74px);
  align-items: start;
  padding-top: 90px;
  padding-bottom: 110px;
}

.contents {
  position: sticky;
  top: 24px;
  padding-top: 6px;
  font-size: 13px;
}

.contents > p { margin: 0 0 15px; color: var(--slate); font-weight: 650; }
.contents ol { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; counter-reset: contents; }
.contents li { border-top: 1px solid var(--border); counter-increment: contents; }
.contents a { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 22px 1fr; gap: 4px; padding: 11px 0; color: var(--slate); text-decoration: none; line-height: 1.35; }
.contents a::before { content: counter(contents, decimal-leading-zero); color: var(--blue); font-size: 10px; padding-top: 2px; }
.contents a:hover { color: var(--orange); }

.prose { min-width: 0; }
.prose section { scroll-margin-top: 28px; margin-top: 74px; }
.prose section:first-child { margin-top: 0; }
.prose h2 {
  max-width: 650px;
  margin: 0 0 25px;
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: clamp(33px, 4vw, 50px);
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.08;
  letter-spacing: -0.035em;
}
.prose > section > p:not(.section-label) { max-width: 670px; margin: 0 0 23px; }

.short-answer {
  padding: 30px 34px 32px;
  border-left: 5px solid var(--orange);
  background: var(--paper);
}
.short-answer > p:last-child { margin: 0; font-family: var(--display); font-size: 25px; line-height: 1.48; }
.answer-near-title { padding: 28px 0 34px; }
.answer-near-title .short-answer { border-top: 0; }
.about-page { padding: 78px 0 88px; border-top: 1px solid var(--border); }
.about-page__head { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(210px,.45fr) minmax(0,1.55fr); gap: 48px; margin-bottom: 30px; }
.about-page h2 { margin: 0; font-size: clamp(32px,4vw,48px); line-height: 1.08; }
.about-page__head p { max-width: 720px; margin: 0; color: var(--slate); }
.page-record { margin: 0; border-top: 2px solid var(--ink); }
.page-record > div { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(145px,.35fr) minmax(0,1.65fr); gap: 28px; padding: 15px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border); }
.page-record dt { color: var(--slate); font-size: 12px; }
.page-record dd { margin: 0; font-size: 14px; }

.fact-note { margin: 42px 0; padding: 24px 0; border-block: 1px solid var(--border); }
.fact-note span { color: var(--teal); font-size: 12px; font-weight: 700; }
.fact-note p { margin: 8px 0 0; }

blockquote { margin: 48px 0; padding-left: 28px; border-left: 1px solid var(--dune); }
blockquote p { margin: 0; color: var(--blue); font-family: var(--display); font-size: 27px; line-height: 1.42; }

.sources { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 34px; padding-top: 36px; border-top: 2px solid var(--ink); }
.sources h2 { font-size: 32px; }
.sources p { font-size: 14px; color: var(--slate); }
.sources a { align-self: start; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 650; }

.entity-card {
  margin-top: 310px;
  padding: 24px;
  border-top: 4px solid var(--blue);
  background: #e5eeec;
}
.entity-card h2 { margin: 0 0 12px; font-family: var(--display); font-size: 31px; font-weight: 500; }
.entity-card p:not(.section-label) { color: var(--slate); font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.55; }
.entity-card a { font-size: 13px; font-weight: 650; }

.next-reads { padding: 80px 0 92px; border-top: 1px solid var(--border); background: var(--paper); }
.next-heading { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 2fr; align-items: end; gap: 30px; margin-bottom: 34px; }
.next-heading h2 { margin: 0; font-family: var(--display); font-size: clamp(34px, 4vw, 52px); font-weight: 500; letter-spacing: -0.035em; }
.next-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); border-block: 1px solid var(--border); }
.next-grid a { min-height: 190px; padding: 24px; border-left: 1px solid var(--border); color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none; }
.next-grid a:first-child { border-left: 0; }
.next-grid span { display: block; margin-bottom: 32px; color: var(--blue); font-size: 12px; font-weight: 650; }
.next-grid strong { font-family: var(--display); font-size: 23px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.3; }
.next-grid a:hover { background: var(--canvas); }

.site-footer { padding: 38px 0; color: #c8d5d9; background: var(--ink); }
.footer-inner { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; gap: 30px; }
.footer-brand { color: white; }
.site-footer p { margin: 0; font-size: 13px; }

@media (max-width: 1000px) {
  .primary-nav { justify-content: flex-end; gap: 20px; }
  .primary-nav a:nth-child(2), .primary-nav a:nth-child(5) { display: none; }
  .trust-strip { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); }
  .prototype-note { grid-column: 1 / -1; border-top: 1px solid var(--border); border-left: 0 !important; padding-left: 0 !important; }
  .plate-inner { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1.25fr; }
  .reading-layout { grid-template-columns: 150px minmax(0, 1fr); }
  .entity-card { grid-column: 2; margin-top: 0; }
}

@media (max-width: 720px) {
  :root { --shell: min(100% - 30px, 620px); }
  body { font-size: 16px; }
  .header-inner { min-height: 66px; grid-template-columns: 1fr auto; gap: 16px; }
  .brand img { width: 38px; height: 38px; }
  .primary-nav { grid-column: 1 / -1; grid-row: 2; order: 3; justify-content: flex-start; gap: 24px; overflow-x: auto; border-top: 1px solid var(--border); }
  .primary-nav a { flex: 0 0 auto; padding-block: 12px 10px; }
  .primary-nav a:nth-child(2), .primary-nav a:nth-child(5) { display: block; }
  .search-button { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 1; }
  .article-head { padding-top: 22px; }
  .article-title-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 28px; padding: 42px 0 34px; }
  h1 { font-size: clamp(47px, 14vw, 70px); }
  .standfirst { margin-top: 24px; font-size: 21px; }
  .article-index { display: flex; align-items: end; gap: 18px; padding: 18px 0 0; border-left: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--border); }
  .article-index > span { font-size: 50px; }
  .article-index p { margin: 0 0 2px; }
  .trust-strip { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .trust-strip > *, .trust-strip > :first-child { padding: 13px 0; border-left: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--border); }
  .trust-strip > :first-child { border-top: 0; }
  .prototype-note { grid-column: auto; }
  .explanation-plate { margin-top: 34px; }
  .plate-inner { min-height: 0; grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .plate-copy { padding: 55px 0 0; }
  .plate-copy h2 { font-size: 44px; }
  .wind-diagram { margin-inline: -18px; padding-top: 0; }
  .wind-diagram figcaption { padding-inline: 18px; text-align: left; }
  .reading-layout { display: block; padding-top: 58px; padding-bottom: 72px; }
  .contents { position: static; margin-bottom: 54px; }
  .contents ol { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; column-gap: 18px; }
  .short-answer { padding: 24px 22px 26px; }
  .short-answer > p:last-child { font-size: 21px; }
  .about-page__head, .page-record > div { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 8px; }
  .prose section { margin-top: 60px; }
  blockquote { margin-inline: 0; }
  .sources { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 8px; }
  .entity-card { margin: 65px 0 0; }
  .next-heading { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 0; }
  .next-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .next-grid a { min-height: 0; border-left: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--border); }
  .next-grid a:first-child { border-top: 0; }
  .next-grid span { margin-bottom: 14px; }
  .footer-inner { align-items: flex-start; flex-direction: column; }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html { scroll-behavior: auto; }
}

@media print {
  .site-header, .contents, .next-reads, .site-footer { display: none; }
  body { background: white; color: black; }
  .article-head, .reading-layout { width: 100%; }
  .explanation-plate { break-inside: avoid; }
}

/* LivingDubai atlas-system closing panel and compact global footer. */
.closing-panel { overflow: hidden; background: #e8eeeb; }
.closing-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(230px,.64fr) minmax(420px,1.18fr) minmax(230px,.58fr); gap: clamp(28px,4vw,64px); align-items: center; min-height: 500px; padding-block: 58px; }
.closing-grid h2 { margin: 0; font-family: var(--display); font-size: clamp(38px,4vw,56px); font-weight: 500; line-height: .96; letter-spacing: -.025em; text-transform: uppercase; }
.closing-grid > div:first-child p { max-width: 315px; margin: 27px 0 0; color: var(--slate); font: 19px/1.4 var(--display); }
.closing-grid > div:first-child::after { content: ""; display: block; width: 52px; height: 2px; margin-top: 30px; background: var(--blue); }
.closing-visual { position: relative; min-height: 350px; background: url("../homepage/assets/dubai-atlas-v2.jpg") 90% 34% / 185% no-repeat; mix-blend-mode: multiply; }
.closing-entity { background-position: 86% 39%; }
.closing-visual::after { content: "Illustrative context artwork—not a navigation map."; position: absolute; right: 8px; bottom: 7px; padding: 4px 7px; background: rgba(232,238,235,.82); color: var(--slate); font-size: 9px; }
.closing-grid > ul { position: relative; margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 28px; list-style: none; font-size: 11px; font-weight: 750; letter-spacing: .07em; text-transform: uppercase; }
.closing-grid > ul::before { content: ""; position: absolute; left: 5px; top: 9px; bottom: 9px; width: 1px; background: #668d93; }
.closing-grid > ul li { position: relative; padding: 9px 0; }
.closing-grid > ul li::before { content: ""; position: absolute; left: -27px; top: 50%; width: 5px; height: 5px; border-radius: 50%; background: var(--blue); transform: translateY(-50%); }
.site-footer { padding: 0; background: #0b2937; }
.site-footer .footer-main { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr auto; gap: 50px; align-items: center; min-height: 150px; padding-block: 42px; }
.site-footer .footer-main > p { margin: 0; color: white; font: 21px/1.25 var(--display); text-align: right; }
.site-footer .footer-utility { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 30px; padding-block: 21px; border-top: 1px solid #36515f; color: #91a9af; font-size: 10px; }
.site-footer .footer-utility nav { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 18px; }
.site-footer .footer-utility a { color: #b7c9cd; }

@media (max-width: 1000px) {
  .closing-grid { grid-template-columns: minmax(220px,.7fr) minmax(360px,1.3fr); gap: 38px; }
  .closing-grid > ul { grid-column: 1/-1; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 0 30px; }
}

@media (max-width: 720px) {
  .closing-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 34px; min-height: 0; padding-block: 68px; }
  .closing-grid h2 { font-size: 42px; }
  .closing-visual { min-height: 320px; }
  .closing-grid > ul { grid-column: auto; display: block; }
  .site-footer .footer-main { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 28px; min-height: 0; }
  .site-footer .footer-main > p { text-align: left; }
  .site-footer .footer-utility { display: grid; }
}